Actually our election observation, we started it since 2005. In 2005 we started with the media monitoring as a part of a bigger project about the media – election observation. And we were just specialized about the media monitoring. In 2010 we completed our monitoring and observations, and we made an unfunded project in 2010.
And we created a new small idea about reporting about observations, because usually when we have this operational, we usually have funds from different governments. We have, like, 1,000 observers. And it’s kind of mass amount of information. So we need to organize it, categorize it. So we decided to create a small software that allows the Nokia phones to send instant message to website that we have created with the observation. And each observers that we have trained has his government, his province, every – the polling station that he is monitoring, assigned in this – in this website.
So it’s just terminal to the Twitter timeline. You just go and see the homepage, and you will know what’s happening in all the country from the observers on field. And if you would like to go and see some of the government – specific government, you can just click on the governments you would like to go.
And also we made another phone line for recording messages, voice messages, if you would like to record your observation as an audio one. And we were publishing all these observations through our radio, Internet radio, because we have online web-based radio called Horeyetna. And Horeyetna means “our freedom.” So we did a very good job in 2010. And then in 2011 we just completed. But it was a bigger idea. We completed with the idea of the mobile software and instant message, just making some developments for this part.
And then we completed it with the e-voting website. We launched a website called Vowet. And Vowet in Egypt is like vote, but it’s slang Arabic word, like, go and vote – just an order matter, Vowet. So in this project – in this website you just go register yourself with your ID, with everything. And we have that equation of the ID, so there is no chances to go and manipulate or put a false ID or number or something. And when it comes to the election day, you can go and vote. And it’s not formal results, but we can have kind of indicators for what the people are voting for, what is their behaviors in this elections.
So in 2011 we had the birth of the e-voting, we have the birth of the election observation with the system and we have the media monitoring. And we have the first part for the international observers. And we were one of the very small number of organizations that has been allowed to go – it’s not allowed, actually – that got international observers. And we got them in the three stages, go to different polling station, different governments, monitoring what happening, observing and reporting what happens in Egypt. And in the final, we have issued a small paper about the recommendations that we have issued in this election.
And they appreciate it actually, especially this time, because people – they were like – they like to protect their votes. And they understand quite well that the – part of the protection for these votes would be the monitoring for the election or the observing for the elections. So when you just go to the polling station, and the voters will welcome your work. But it will return back to the judge and the employees from maybe some of the governmental or federal institution. But maybe they will not welcome what are we doing, because the same concept about, you’re not going to observe me; I don’t need observation.
Samar El Hussieny grew up in a politically oriented family in Egypt. Her father was a socialist opposition politician. She studied political science and has worked in the human rights field since 2005. She participated in several student awareness activities for youth during her college years and has been active in various civil society projects concerning human rights education, election monitoring and minority rights. She is a Program Officer at the Andalus Institute for Tolerance and Anti-Violence Studies and is pursuing a master’s degree in political science.
Samar has been an activist in the Egyptian Revolution that began on January 25, 2011. She continues to work to promote freedom and support democracy during her country’s transitional period. Samar has also been intensively engaged on initiatives related to elections in Egypt. In addition to monitoring elections and the political process, she is involved in projects relating to minority rights, social media, and transitional justice in Egypt. Samar seeks to support reform movements and non-violent revolutions in the Arab World and beyond.
Samar was among the inaugural group of the George W. Bush Institute’s Women’s Initiative Fellowship Program in 2012, a leadership program designed to empower and equip women to catalyze change.
Samar hopes to be elected to national office and is planning to run for President of Egypt one day.
With a history dating back to the 10th millennium B.C., Egypt has long played a central role in the Middle East. Egypt is the largest Arab nation and has an influential voice in Arabic and Middle Eastern culture. Egypt has a diverse economy, but has struggled to create sustained economic growth and opportunities for its population of 84 million people.
The country has little experience with representative democracy. From 1956 to 1970, President Gamal Abdel Nasser ruled Egypt with a strong hand, nationalizing the Suez Canal and taking the country into conflict with the new state of Israel. Upon his death, Anwar al-Sadat became president. Together with other Arab nations, Sadat launched the October War against Israel in 1973. In 1979, Sadat signed a groundbreaking peace treaty with Israel.
From Sadat’s assassination in 1981 until the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, Egypt was governed by President Hosni Mubarak. For all of Mubarak’s time in office, and for much of the time since his resignation, Egypt has been under “Emergency Law,” which allows the government to suspend constitutional rights, including limiting political activity and restricting free speech. Emergency Law also allows the government to use summary arrests against political opponents.
For four successive terms, Mubarak was reelected in referenda without an opponent. In 2005, under domestic and international pressure, Mubarak proposed a constitutional amendment to allow Egypt’s first multicandidate presidential elections. Because the amendment would have imposed severe restrictions on the eligibility of opposition candidates, opposition groups boycotted the vote. Mubarak claimed to have won the September 2005 presidential election with an official 88 percent of the vote, amid widespread allegations of fraud and vote rigging. The main opposition leader, Ayman Nour, was subsequently prosecuted by the government for forging signatures on petitions and was sentenced to five years in prison, provoking protests from the United States and other democratic countries.
Following the example of the Tunisian Revolution, large protests swept Egypt in early 2011. The military, led by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), withdrew its support of Mubarak. On February 11, 2011, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak had resigned. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) headed by Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi then assumed power in Egypt. SCAF dissolved the parliament and suspended the constitution.
In November 2011, Egypt held parliamentary elections that were reportedly fair and democratic. In June 2012, Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohamed Morsi was elected President, in part because liberal and secular forces failed to coalesce around a single candidate. Morsi’s popularity declined as he declared his orders immune from challenge, removed judicial review processes, and was accused of taking steps towards the implementation of Islamist policies. Conflict arose between those supporting Islamist policies and those seeking a more liberal and secular government. Protests occurred throughout his presidency until Morsi was ousted by the military in July 2013. Muslim Brotherhood leaders were arrested and their camps and offices raided. Until new elections are held, a SCAF-installed provisional government led by acting President Adly Mansour is in control.
In its most recent report, the independent watchdog group Freedom House classifies Egypt as “partly free.” On its scale where 1 is the most free and 7is the least free, Egypt earned scores of 5 in both the civil liberties and political rights categories.
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