Interviews with Cheery Zahau

So with that heavy presence of the military troops, the main human rights violation is forced labor. So wherever the troops are traveling from one village to the other, forced labor is demanded. And also for building the camps – 55 military camps – the soldiers had to rely on the villagers. So building the camps, making the fence, providing the food: all of these things are demanded from the villagers.

So there are huge forced labor problems: forced portering and food extortion. Yeah, and also the other problems that we’ve seen is also sexual violence against Chin women by the military soldiers around the camps and also when they are patrolling. We have cases of rape perpetrated by the soldiers.

After the 1988 student uprising, many of the Chin students, they were taking part at demonstrations; and after that, with the military attacks, several serious attacks against the demonstrators, many Chin students fled to the border in holding arms. So they formed Chin National Front, which is comprised of the students. And later on the Chin political leaders also joined. So that’s one opposition force that we have.

And in the meanwhile, inside Burma in 1989 and the 1990s, Chin National League for Democracy was formed by the political leaders. And that will closely work with the National League for Democracy [NLD]. So we have a legitimate party and a cooperation with NLD. And still the NLD parties had office in Chin State during that time, but not any more. In Burma the one thing that we are very lacking of is the constitution that will guarantee equal participation for all ethnic groups. If that constitution is formed and established with a proper referendum then there should not be problems.

But SPDC [State Peace and Development Council, official title for the military regime in Burma at the time of this interview] denies to do that, or they do not allow another to initiate that process, that initial reconciliation process. So at the moment they, the Burmese junta, only sends their propaganda that without them the union of Burma will fall apart, which is not the case. If they really want to keep the union in a peaceful and coexisting nation then they should come up with a very good constitution, not military-centered constitution. A federal constitution. That is what needed in Burma.

Cheery Zahau is a human rights activist from Chin State, Burma, and is now based in Chiang Mai, Thailand. As a high school student, she was advised by her teachers that her independence and intellectual curiosity would get her into serious trouble if she remained in Burma. She sought refuge in India, where she became an advocate for thousands of ethnic Chin faced with forcible return to Burma.

Zahau also became a leader of the Women’s League of Chinland, an organization that works to call international attention to the situation inside Chin State, including the use of rape as an instrument of conflict by the Burmese military regime. She has spoken at the United Nations and in other venues around the world.

When Zahau relocated to Thailand, she began working as an advocacy officer at the Human Rights Education Institute of Burma, focusing on the U.N. Human Rights Council, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the ASEAN human rights process. She is also a management board member of the Network for Human Rights Documentation in Burma and is pursuing an advanced degree in international relations.

Burma, a Southeast Asian country with about 57 million people, is ruled by a military regime that seized power in 1962. Although the reformist National League for Democracy (NLD) won overwhelmingly in a 1990 election, the country’s military rulers ignored the results and arrested NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991 “for her nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights.” The military government held a referendum on a new constitution in 2008 and a parliamentary election in 2010, neither of which was regarded by international observers as free or fair, and both of which resulted in overwhelming majorities for pro-government positions and candidates. The military regime has committed widespread and systematic human rights violations, including extrajudicial killing, torture, rape, and denial of freedom of expression, association, assembly, and religion.

Throughout its existence, the regime has been at war with a number of Burma’s ethnic minority groups. Ethnic minority voters overwhelmingly supported the NLD in the 1990 election, and after the suppression of the democracy movement several of these groups continued or resumed armed resistance to the de facto government. Although the government signed cease-fire agreements with several of these groups ostensibly granting them autonomy within their respective regions, the Burmese military has used a range of brutal techniques, including the killing of civilians, forced labor, rape, and the destruction of homes, crops, and villages, in cease-fire zones as well as in areas where there is still armed resistance.

In 2007, as on several previous occasions, there were mass demonstrations throughout the country demanding freedom and democracy. The 2007 demonstrations were led by Buddhist monks and eventually became known as the “Saffron Revolution” after the color of the monks’ robes. The armed forces brutally suppressed these demonstrations—estimates of the number of protestors killed range from 31 to several thousand—and intensified popular dissatisfaction with the government by the killing, beating, and public humiliation of monks.

The nominally civilian government resulting from the 2010 election has been widely regarded as a façade for continuing military rule. However, in October 2011, the government released 206 of Burma’s estimated 2,000 prisoners of conscience. The next month, the government announced that it would soon release all remaining political prisoners. The NLD, which had declined to participate in the 2010 election, registered to participate in the next election and announced that Aung San Suu Kyi would be among the NLD candidates.

Although the military regime announced in 1989 that it had changed the English name of the country from Burma to “Myanmar,” the United States government and other international supporters of democracy in Burma have generally continued to call the country Burma because this is the name preferred by Aung San Suu Kyi and other democracy advocates who won the 1990 election.